The Space Economy Stack: Four Layers

Four concentric rings showing the space economy layers: Downstream (inner), Midstream, Upstream, and Governance/Spectrum (outer gold ring). Stylized Earth at center. Juncture Policy institutional diagram.

The Space Economy Stack has four layers: Upstream (launch and manufacturing), Midstream (orbital operations and data), Downstream (Earth observation, PNT, connectivity), and Governance (spectrum allocation, orbital slots, regulatory architecture). For emerging markets, sovereignty is contested at the fourth layer.

Institutional DNA Test (IDT): Governance Compatibility Framework

IDT measures compatibility between external reform requirements and a country’s domestic governance capacity. A senior advisor to Pakistan’s finance minister is reviewing the terms of a new IMF standby arrangement. The WGI scores have improved. The macro fundamentals, on paper, look better than 2019. His minister will be asked to sign conditionality that assumes a … Read more